Mycobacterium avium complex infection-related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome of the central nervous system in an HIV-infected patient: Case report and review 

Yi-Chien Lee, Ching-Lan Lu, Chung-Chih Lai, Yu-Tzu Tseng, Hsin-Yun Sun, Chien-Ching Hung


Received: July 29, 2011    Revised: November 30, 2011    Accepted: December 12, 2011   

Chien-Ching Hung, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan. 

Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection involves the central nervous system (CNS) less frequently than tuberculosis, and MAC-related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) of the CNS in AIDS patients is even more rarely described. We report a case of MAC-related IRIS of the CNS in an HIV-infected patient who presented with meningoencephalitis and myelitis 2 months after discontinuation of antiMAC therapy, when he had achieved prolonged suppression of HIV replication and restoration of CD4 counts to >100 cells/μL for 1 year. Cases of MAC-related IRIS of the CNS reported in the literature are reviewed.

HIV, Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, Meningoencephalitis myelitis, Mycobacterium avium complex